Featured Articles on Internet...
History of The Internet: Precursors - See also: Victorian Internet The Internet has precursors that date back to the 19th century, especially the telegraph system, more than a century before the digital Internet became widely used in the second half of the 1990s...
Cable Modem - The PSTN-based service was considered 'one-way cable' and had many of the same drawbacks as satellite Internet service; as a result, it quickly gave way to "two-way cable." Cable modems that used the RF cable network for the return path were considered 'two-way cable,' and were better able to compete with the bi-directional digital subscriber line (DSL) service... Cable modems are primarily used to deliver broadband Internet access in the form of cable Internet, taking advantage of the high bandwidth of a HFC and RFoG network...
Internet Access: Availability - Various terms are used, such as "public Internet kiosk", "public access terminal", and "Web payphone"... Besides offices and residences, there are public places to use the Internet, including libraries and Internet cafes, where computers with Internet connections are available... There are wireless Internet access points in public places such as airport halls, in some cases just for brief use while standing...
Television - By 2012 the development of broadband enabled the integration of the internet and Web 2.0 features into modern television sets and set-top boxes, as well as the technological convergence between computers and television...
Wireless Internet Service Provider: History - In turn each "satellite" building was wired up with Ethernet so each business connected into the Ethernet LAN and could instantly get Internet access... Another early WISP was a company called Internet Office Parks in Johannesburg, South Africa that was founded by Roy Pater, Brett Airey and Attila Barath in January 1996 when they realized the South African Telco, Telkom could not keep up with the demand for dedicated Internet links for business use... The providing of wireless Internet has a big potential of lowering the "digital gap" or "Internet gap" in the developing countries...
Wireless Internet Service Provider: Overview - WISPs are predominantly in rural environments where cable and digital subscriber lines are not available. WiMax is expected to become mainstream in the near future, bringing with it dramatic changes to the marketplace by increasing the number of interoperable equipment on the market and making mobile data transmission feasible, increasing the utility of such networks in rural environments...
History Of The Internet - The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks... In 1982 the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) was standardized and the concept of a world-wide network of fully interconnected TCP/IP networks called the Internet was introduced... The Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic...
Cable Modem: Cable Modems and VoIP - PacketCable allows multiple system operators (MSOs) to offer both high-speed Internet and VoIP through the same cable transmission system... Any high-speed Internet service subscriber can use VoIP telephony by subscribing to a third-party service (e.g., Skype), the problem is that doing so, you need to turn on your computer to use the telephone, while cable modems have a port to connect the phone directly, without using a computer... With the advent of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) telephony, cable modems have been extended to provide telephone service...
History of The Internet: Networks That Led To The Internet - ARPANET development was centered around the Request for Comments (RFC) process, still used today for proposing and distributing Internet Protocols and Systems... ARPANET became the technical core of what would become the Internet, and a primary tool in developing the technologies used... Sublink Network represented possibly one of the first examples of the internet technology becoming progress through popular diffusion...
History of The Internet: Use and Culture - In 1971 Ray Tomlinson created what was to become the standard Internet e-mail address format, using the @ sign to separate user names from host names...
Featured Articles on Public...
Color Television - In 1940 he publicly demonstrated a color television combining a traditional black-and-white display with a rotating colored disk... The War Production Board halted the manufacture of television and radio equipment for civilian use from April 22, 1942 to August 20, 1945, limiting any opportunity to introduce color television to the general public... These color systems were not compatible with existing black-and-white television sets, and as no color television sets were available to the public at this time, viewing of the color field tests was restricted to RCA and CBS engineers and the invited press...
Television In Ireland - In a Memorandum to Government the Department set out four possibilities for the ownership and control of a new service: Owned by the state directly Owned by a public corporation (similar to that of the then Radio Éireann) Owned by private enterprise Having a combination where transmitters would be owned by the state and content would be provided by private enterprises The Department of Finance were incensed with this and asked the government to tell O'Broin to resubmit the proposals through the Department of Finance according to the formal procedures of the Civil Service, John A... The public service broadcaster, RTÉ Television, opened in 1961, followed by an additional channel RTÉ Two in November 1978... TG4 launched on 31 October 1996 as a free-to-air public service broadcaster that targets Irish language viewers...
Television in Colombia: History - The Colombian Constitution of 1991 created the National Television Commission (CNTV), an autonomous entity in charge of policies for public television and regulation of television contents... Initially television in Colombia was public, with emphasis on education and cultural topics until the government developed a system of concessions, in which the State was in charge of the television infrastructure and gave programming slots in the channels for private companies known as programadoras, similar to the syndication system that is still used in the United States: networks and TV channels broadcast TV programs that were not produced by them...
History of Communication Studies: North America - John Dewey's 1927 The Public and its Problems drew on the same view of communications, but instead took a more optimistic reform agenda, arguing famously that "communication can alone create a great community," as well as "of all affairs, communication is the most wonderful." In 1925, Herbert A... Public Opinion, published in 1922 by Walter Lippmann, couples this view with a fear that the rise of new technologies in mass communication allowed for the 'manufacture of consent,' and generated dissonance between what he called 'the world outside and the pictures in our heads,' referring to the rift between the idealized concept of democracy and its reality... Wichelns published the essay "The Literary Criticism of Oratory" in the book Studies in Rhetoric and Public Speaking in Honor of James Albert Winans...
Television in The Netherlands: Public Channels - The Netherlands has three nationwide channels for publicly-funded television (Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (NPO))... If you are planning to 'go public' on Dutch television you need to have 50.000 members and something new to add to the existing broadcasting conglomerate... In 2005 there was a sharp political debate over government plans to cut funding to public broadcasters and to abolish statutory broadcaster NPS...
Television In Spain - Antena 3, Telecinco and Canal+ were launched in 1990, in January, March and September respectively, finishing the public television monopoly in Spain... Through the 1990s and 2000s (decade), more autonomic channels (most of them public, but some of them private) were launched, and all of them created FORTA, a union of public autonomic channels...
BBC - The BBC is an autonomous public service broadcaster that operates under a Royal Charter and a Licence and Agreement from the Home Secretary... The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London... Its main responsibility is to provide impartial public service broadcasting in the United Kingdom, Channel Islands and Isle of Man...
Featured Articles on Radio...
WiMAX - Indoor gateways are convenient, but radio losses mean that the subscriber may need to be significantly closer to the WiMAX base station than with professionally-installed external units... All communication infrastructure in the area, other than amateur radio, was destroyed, making the survivors unable to communicate with people outside the disaster area and vice versa...
Telecommunications in Andorra: Radio - Radio broadcast stations: AM 0, FM 1, shortwave 0 (easy access to radio and television broadcasts originating in France and Spain) (2007) Radios: 16,000 (1997)...
BBC Radio: Stations - The "main" radio stations, available via both analogue (FM and AM frequencies) and Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), are: BBC Radio 1: youth oriented, mostly contemporary pop and rock music (including Top 40 singles), plus news, original in-house live music sessions, original live music concerts and music documentaries BBC Radio 2: adult oriented entertainment, wide range of music—specially adult contemporary and middle of the road, also talk, comedy, plus news, original in-house live music sessions, original live music concerts and music documentaries BBC Radio 3: arts and high culture, special-interest music (classical, jazz, world music), plus news, original in-house live music sessions, original live music concerts a... National (UK) The BBC today runs eleven national domestic radio stations, six of which are only available in a digital format: via DAB Digital Radio, UK digital television (satellite, cable and Freeview) plus live streams and listen again on the Internet...
BBC Radio: History of BBC Radio - Reith's ideals were utterly at odds with the model of light entertainment based commercial radio adopted in some other countries (e.g... He expounded firm principles of centralised, all-encompassing radio broadcasting, stressing programming standards and moral tone... Today radio broadcasting still makes up a large part of the corporation's output and this is still reflected in the title of the BBC's listings magazine called 'Radio Times'...
Ràdio I Televisió D'Andorra - As a result, the Organisme de Ràdio i Televisió d’Andorra (ORTA) was formed and radio station Ràdio Nacional d'Andorra (RNA) began broadcasting in December 1990... (RTVA) (, meaning in English "Radio and Television of Andorra, PLC"), is the public service television and radio broadcaster in the Principality of Andorra...
Radio - Radio is the transmission of signals through free space by electromagnetic waves with frequencies significantly below visible light, in the radio frequency range, from about 3 kHz to 300 GHz... When radio waves strike an electrical conductor, the oscillating fields induce an alternating current in the conductor...
Power Line Communication: Medium Frequency (MHz) - Sometimes PLC was used for transmitting radio programs over powerlines. When operated in the AM radio band, it is known as a carrier current system...
History Of Television In Germany - By 1939 and the start of World War II plans for an expansion of television programming were soon changed in favor of radio... The National Socialists intended to use television as a medium for their propaganda once the number of television sets were increased, but television was able initially to reach only a small number of viewers, in contrast to radio... Immediately after the war, newspapers and radio were the only available mass media and they were under direct control of the Allied government, and were more likely to be in English or French than in German...
Featured Articles on Satellite...
Satellite Internet Access: Two-way Satellite-only Communication - The satellite dish at each location must be precisely pointed to avoid interference with other satellites... The two way satellite market can be divided into those systems that support professional applications, such as banking, retail etc... Two-way satellite Internet service involves both sending and receiving data from a remote very-small-aperture terminal (VSAT) via satellite to a hub telecommunications port (teleport), which then relays data via the terrestrial Internet...
Television In Ireland - The biggest single multichannel television network in Ireland is Sky, owned and operated by BSkyB, which broadcasts digital satellite television services... The satellite fill-in service (Saorsat) is via Ka-Sat using the Irish ka-Band spot and should be available from June 2011...
Timeline of First Orbital Launches By Country: List of First Orbital Launches By Country - Order Country Satellite Rocket Location Date (UTC) 1 Soviet Union Sputnik 1 Sputnik-PS Baikonur, Soviet Union (today Kazakhstan) 4 October 1957 2 United States Explorer 1 Juno I Cape Canaveral, United States 1 February 1958 3 France Astérix Diamant A Hammaguir, Algeria 26 November 1965 4 Japan Ōsumi Lambda-4S Uchinoura, Japan 11 February 1970 5 China Dong Fang Hong I Long March 1 Jiuquan, China 24 April 1970 6 United Kingdom Prospero X-3 Black Arrow Woomera, Australia 28 October 1971 — European Space Agency CAT-1 Ariane 1 Kourou, French Guiana 24 December 1979 7 India Rohini 1 SLV Sriharikota, India 18 July 1980 8 Israel Ofeq 1 Shavit Palmachim, Israel 19 September 1988 — Ukraine Strela-3 (x6, Russian) Tsyklon-3 Plesetsk, Russia 28 September 1991 — Russia Kosmos 2175 Soyuz-U Plesetsk, Russia 21 January 1992 9...
Satellite Internet Access: Satellites Launched - A satellite nicknamed Kizuna, means "ties between people", also known formally as the WINDS satellite was launched on February 23, 2008... The WINDS satellite will be used to provide broadband Internet services to Japan and locations across the Asia-Pacific region... This is a notable departure from past satellites that required assistance from ground based facilities...
Television in Brazil: Cable and Satellite - The main paid television providers are NET (cable television), SKY (satellite television), Via Embratel (satellite television), TVA (cable television), Oi TV (satellite television) and GVT (IPTV/satellite television)...
Television In The United States - In the United States television is available via broadcast ("over-the-air"), unencrypted satellite ("free-to-air"), direct broadcast satellite, cable television, and IPTV (internet protocol television)... Over-the-air and free-to-air TV is free with no monthly payments while cable, direct broadcast satellite, and IPTV require a monthly payment that varies depending on how many channels a subscriber chooses to pay for...
Freeview (New Zealand) - The Freeview service consists of a high definition digital terrestrial television service, called Freeview UHF aerial, to around 86% of the population in the major urban and provincial centres of New Zealand, and a standard definition digital satellite television service covering the whole of mainland New Zealand and the major offshore islands... It was announced on 15 June 2006 that Freeview's free-to-air digital TV service would be available via satellite (DVB-S) from mid-2007 and terrestrial transmissions (DVB-T) from mid-2008...